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Posted on February 6, 2013 by | 1 views | comments
In 1424, when James I returned from eighteen years imprisonment in England, he set about dealing with those who declined to aid his release from prison earlier and curbing the power of Scotland’s nobles. His continual law-making added to the number of enemies he acquired for himself. The Earl of At...
Posted on February 6, 2013 by | 4 views | comments
For six centuries the Orkney and Shetland Islands remained under Norwegian sovereignty, geographically central in a sea-faring Scandinavian civilisation which reached across the Atlantic. The earldom of the islands was of great Norwegian importance. In the fifteenth century however, Norway had fall...
Posted on February 6, 2013 by | 4 views | comments
James III’s policies infuriated many noble families, whilst drawing closer to him many more. His unhappy opponents won to their side the King’s son, fifteen year old Prince James, and made it known that they intended to install him as monarch. This was the motivation behind the battle on 11 June at ...
Posted on February 6, 2013 by | 3 views | comments
Flodden was a disastrous and unnecessary confrontation for Scotland. James IV of Scotland was married to the sister of England’s King Henry VIII and a treaty of friendship existed between their countries. The auld alliance between Scotland and France had been recently renewed. There had been Englis...
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Following the success against the English at Haddon Rig in the August, James V gathered an army of ten thousand and sent them, under the command of Oliver Sinclair of Pitcairns, to push as far into England as they could. Their advance was met at Solway Moss by Sir Thomas Wharton and his three tho...
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Born on 8 December 1542, Mary’s life was complicated from the first week when her father, James V, died and made her Queen when she was six days old. With James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran, as Governor, Scotland was achieving closer ties with England. Queen Mary was betrothed, in 1543, to Edward,...
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The Battle of Pinkie, on the banks of the River Esk on 10 September 1547, was another catastrophic waste of life encouraged by lack of discipline and weak command. The Duke of Somerset brought his troops, cavalry and guns to the area, with naval support for his sixteen thousand men having to make...
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A covenant is a contract between God and the people. In 1557 a group of Protestant nobles opposed to Mary marrying the Roman Catholic Dauphin of France, signed a covenant to state that they would promote the ‘blessed work of God and his Congregation against the Congregation of Satan’, the former...
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The most influential person of the Scottish Reformation, John Knox, was first ordained as a Catholic priest. Knox spent time in the company of George Wishart before he was arrested and burned for heresy in March 1546 by Cardinal Beaton. Knox joined the Reformers, who murdered Cardinal Beaton the...
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Queen Mary’s reign was in tatters when she escaped from Loch Leven Castle on 2 May 1568. A week later she had gathered six thousand men willing to fight for her as she headed for the safety of her strong Dumbarton Castle, which Lord Fleming was holding for her. Lord James Stewart, her half-brothe...
Posted on February 6, 2013 by | 1 views | comments
In 1581, Esmé Stewart was created Earl of Lennox. He was in support of Queen Mary and acknowledged Catholic concerns at a time when the Reformation was well established in Scotland. The Presbyterians believed Lennox to be an agent for the Counter-Reformation and a Catholic spy. Although both the ...
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Charles I’s views of himself, theology and politics became increasingly contradictory to the beliefs of the Presbyterians. Charles tried to bring together the laws and churches of Scotland and England, with all roads leading to himself. In 1637 he produced the Book of Common Prayer, written witho...
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James Graham, 5th Earl and later 1st Marquis of Montrose, was born in 1612 and studied at St Andrew’s University. In 1638 he contributed to the National Covenant, and fought for the Covenant in the Bishops’ Wars. As the country moved into ever more turbulent times, Montrose’s sympathies moved bac...
Posted on February 6, 2013 by | 2 views | comments
In the August of 1644 James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose, combined his force of cavalry and Highland foot soldiers with Alasdair MacDonald's Irish soldiers to begin a campaign against the Covenanters for Charles I. Their first target for reclamation was Perth, and on the 1st September they arr...
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Under James Graham, the Marquis of Montrose, the Royalist army had achieved success at Inverlochy and Dundee. He made camp with his 1750 men and 250 horses at Auldearn, around three miles to the east of Nairn. The Covenanters were marching through the night from Inverness to fight him. Sir John ...
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On Philiphaugh a fray began At Hairhead wood it ended; The Scots out o'er the Graemes, they ran, See merrily they bended. Sir David frae the Border came, Wi' heart an' hand came he; Wi' him three thousand bonny Scots, To bear him company. Traditional Border Ballad The Marquis of Montrose had co...
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Civil War had begun in earnest by 1642. Charles I was the enemy of the Presbyterians in Scotland and the parliamentarians in England. His lack of ability at negotiation and conciliation had compounded his situation. Montrose had done well for him in undermining the Calvinists and Campbells for a ...
Posted on February 6, 2013 by | 2 views | comments
The Calvinists were in support of Charles II when he became King and signed both the Covenants in 1649. Cromwell, however, was not. With sixteen thousand men he invaded Scotland in July and headed for Edinburgh, expecting to rendezvous with his supply ships at Leith. David Leslie and the Scots arm...
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The covenanting ministers who rejected the Restoration settlement with Charles II’s additions, found themselves replaced by curates and without a living. The congregations had their own opinions, of course, and some, who became known as ‘Conventiclers’, regrouped to practice the Covenant with the...
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Born in 1671 at Loch Katrine, the third son of a Lieutenant-Colonel, MacGregor’s inherited long arms and great strength gave him abilities with the broadsword that made his name known to many. He fought at Killiecrankie for Viscount Dundee in 1689 before joining the Lennox Watch. When the name Ma...
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Following success against the military at the recent Battle of Drumclog, the Conventiclers’ support had swollen to six thousand when they came together at Hamilton in June 1679. Differences between Covenanters which had undermined them through the 1650s, again created factions among their numbers...
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